InwyResearch

Studies · 02 of 13

Weather markets

Polymarket’s daily temperature markets look like a forecasting contest. Can public weather forecasts beat the crowd?

Rejected
The question

Do public weather forecasts beat temperature-market prices?

The answer

Market more accurate than the model on 47 of 53 stations

Data13,019 resolved city-days, 55 cities, March–September 2026
TestCalibrated forecast model, rules committed before comparing to prices
The details

Polymarket lists daily “highest temperature in city X” markets for about fifty cities, split into one-degree buckets. Automated traders reportedly made large profits on them in 2024–25. The idea: price each bucket from public forecasts — as they were issued, at the exact airport station each market resolves on — and trade the gaps.

Return per trade, discovery periodAfter fees and slippage; buying buckets the model considered mispriced
Day before, edge ≥ 5¢−15%
Day before, edge ≥ 20¢−7%
Same morning, edge ≥ 5¢−28%
Same morning, edge ≥ 20¢−17%
Decision time Trades Return per trade
Day before, edge ≥ 5¢ 6,590 −15%
Day before, edge ≥ 20¢ 1,159 −7%
Same morning, edge ≥ 5¢ 7,289 −28%
Same morning, edge ≥ 20¢ 1,813 −17%

When the model disagreed with the price, the market was usually the one that knew something: newer model runs, local forecasters and, by the morning, actual readings. The later the decision, the worse the result.

A second try: settled buckets

Once the day’s high has passed a bucket, that bucket cannot win. On paper, such buckets still traded at 3–30¢, and selling them returned +11% per trade. A live check of 211 settled buckets told the truth: every one was offered at 0.1¢ with no buyers. The historical prices were mid-points of empty order books.

Both versions rejected. Public data loses to a market that already uses it, and historical prices in thin books are not tradable prices.